Loengusari TÜling

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valdkonna dekanaat

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ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut

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eesti ja üldkeeleteaduse instituut

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filosoofia ja semiootika instituut

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kultuuriteaduste instituut

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maailma keelte ja kultuuride kolledž

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usuteaduskond

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Viljandi kultuuriakadeemia

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valdkonna dekanaat

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haridusteaduste instituut

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Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut

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majandusteaduskond

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psühholoogia instituut

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õigusteaduskond

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oi [at] ut.ee

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ühiskonnateaduste instituut

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Narva kolledž

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Pärnu kolledž

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valdkonna dekanaat

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med [at] ut.ee

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bio- ja siirdemeditsiini instituut

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bsmi [at] ut.ee

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farmaatsia instituut

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pharmacy [at] ut.ee

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hambaarstiteaduse instituut

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731 9856

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kliinilise meditsiini instituut

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peremeditsiini ja rahvatervishoiu instituut

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dph [at] ut.ee

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sporditeaduste ja füsioteraapia instituut

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kkdek [at] ut.ee

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valdkonna dekanaat

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ltt [at] ut.ee

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Vanemuise 46–208, 51005 Tartu
arvutiteaduse instituut

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ics [at] ut.ee

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Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu
Eesti mereinstituut

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671 8902

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Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn
füüsika instituut

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W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu
keemia instituut

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chem.ut.ee

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737 5261

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chemistry [at] ut.ee

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Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu
matemaatika ja statistika instituut

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math.ut.ee

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737 5860

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ltms [at] ut.ee

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Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu
molekulaar- ja rakubioloogia instituut

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tymri.ut.ee

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737 5027

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Riia 23, 23b–134, 51010 Tartu
Tartu observatoorium

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Observatooriumi 1, Tõravere, 61602 Tartumaa
tehnoloogiainstituut

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737 4800

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Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu
ökoloogia ja maateaduste instituut

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737 5835

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Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu

Asutused

raamatukogu

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737 5702

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W. Struve 1, 50091 Tartu
teaduskool

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Uppsala 10, 51003 Tartu
genoomika instituut

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737 4000

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Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu
muuseum

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Lossi 25, 51003 Tartu
loodusmuuseum ja botaanikaaed

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737 6076

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Tugiüksused

ettevõtlus- ja innovatsioonikeskus

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737 6339

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Lossi 3, III korrus, 51003 Tartu
grandikeskus

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737 6215

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hankeosakond

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Ülikooli 18a, 51005 Tartu
infotehnoloogia osakond

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ito [at] ut.ee, arvutiabi [at] ut.ee

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kantselei

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kinnisvaraosakond

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Ülikooli 18a, 51005 Tartu
kirjastus

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personaliosakond

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rahandusosakond

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Jakobi 4, 51005 Tartu
rektoraat
rektoraadi büroo

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rektor [at] ut.ee

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siseauditi büroo

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Ülikooli 18–244, 51005 Tartu
Tallinna esindus

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esindus [at] tallinn.ut.ee

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Teatri väljak 3, 10143 Tallinn
turundus- ja kommunikatsiooniosakond

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info [at] ut.ee, avalik [at] ut.ee

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õppeosakond

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Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu
üliõpilasesindus

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tyye.ut.ee

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Ülikooli 18b, 51005 Tartu

Muud üksused

MTÜ Tartu Ülikooli Akadeemiline Spordiklubi

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737 5371

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Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu
MTÜ Tartu Üliõpilasküla

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740 9959

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Narva mnt 25, 51013 Tartu
MTÜ Tartu Üliõpilasmaja

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730 2400

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tym [at] ut.ee

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Kalevi 24, Tartu
SA Tartu Ülikooli Kliinikum

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731 8111

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L. Puusepa 1a, 50406 Tartu
Tartu Ülikooli Sihtasutus

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tysiht [at] ut.ee

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Ülikooli 18a–106, Tartu
Vaata kõiki muid üksusi

TÜlingu loengusari loodi 2019. aasta sügissemestril foorumina, kus saab kuulda keeleteaduslikke ettekandeid väga erinevatest lingvistika teemadest. Esinejaid on tulnud Tartust ja mujalt, Eestist ja välismaalt. Ettekanded toimuvad teisipäeviti kl 16–17 ning on kõigile huvilistele avatud. Ettekande lõpus on aega aruteluks, mis jätkub puhkeruumis joogi ja suupistetega.

Vihjed võimalike esinejate kohta on oodatud. Kui on külalisi Tartusse tulemas või on Tartu kolleegidel soov mõni ettekanne siinsele kuulajaskonnale esitada ja tagasisidet saada, siis palume kontakti võtta korraldajatega (virve.vihman [ät] ut.ee). Ühtlasi on võimalik liituda TÜlingu infolistiga samale aadressile kirjutades.

Kevadsemestri kava 2020
Teisipäeviti kl 16–17, Jakobi 2-438

11. 02 Saeede Shamsaee (Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Iran)

Macro Language policies and Micro Linguistic Experiences in Iran

As the dean of English Department in an Iranian university and now on a short visit to Europe, Saeedeh Shamsaee is concerned with the interaction of top-down macro language policies determined by the governments and bottom-up micro linguistic experiences of English learners and teachers. The talk has three parts: 1) Iran's linguistic profile in the past; 2) Main issues of TEFL in the present; and 3) further plans for research and practice in the future. She has published on the evaluation of foreign language policies by experienced Iranian English teachers, and is currently involved in Teacher Education for Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL). In her lecture she will provide a succinct linguistic background of Iran alongside a brief history of foreign language teaching (French, Arabic and English) during the last century particularly the post-revolutionary era since 1979. Highly concerned with the quality and success of teaching English to young learners and providing evidence from her current research, she will explain how micro experiences can be impeded or improved by the macro policies on three fronts namely intercultural complexities in L1-L2 encounter, teacher education standards, and parent involvement. She is determined to expand her research into a broader comparative framework or any other possible form of cooperation with European colleagues interested in similar issues in their own national or regional context. She likes to work toward promoting Iran's international academic relations with Europe. She hopes to benefit her audience in Tartu, and also learn from their insights and questions.

18. 02 Jeremy Bradley (Vienna, Austria)

Areal typology of the Volga-Kama Region

The Volga-Kama Region of European Russia, located some 700 kilometres east of Moscow around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers, has been a meeting place of different cultures, religions, and languages from time immemorial. Today, languages spoken in the region belong to three families: Uralic (Mari, Mordvin, Udmurt), Turkic (Tatar, Bashkir, Chuvash), and Indo-European (Russian). Uralic and Turkic languages of the region are frequently placed in the so-called Volga-Kama Sprachbund due to their striking convergence. While convergence in lexicon and phonology has been extensively studied, the study of structural similarities on other levels of language remains on a comparatively nascent stage. The talk at hand will give an overview on what is known about structural convergence between languages and varieties of the Volga-Kama Region, and what desiderata for future research remain.

25.02 Helle Metslang, Külli Habicht, Tiit Hennoste & Külli Prillop (Tartu)

Pragmaatika - "ma arvan"- grammatika kohal

Meie ettekande teemaks on diskursusemarkeri (ma) arvan (et) kasutus. Marker võib esineda neljal kujul (ma arvan, ma arvan et, arvan, arvan et) ja kanda kahte põhitähendust (arvamuse avaldamine ehk ’minu arvates’ ja ebakindluse väljendamine propositsiooni tõeväärtuse suhtes ehk ’arvatavasti’). Meie eesmärgiks on võrrelda, kuidas markerit kasutatakse erinevates keeleregistrites.
Esmalt anname ülevaate sellest, mis eristab diskursusemarkerit samavormilisest pealausest. Selleks toome välja eri keelte grammatiseerumise mudelites leitud markeri tunnused.
Teiseks vaatame, millised on erinevate markerivariantide esinemissagedused eri süntaktilistes positsioonides (lause alguses, keskel, lõpus või järel) ning eri keeleregistrites (suuline keel, netikeel, kirjalik keel ja nende alamregistrid).
Kolmandaks analüüsime, millised kontekstuaalsed tegurid seostuvad markeri eri variantide kasutussagedusega (suuline-kirjalik keel, dialoog-monoloog, spontaanne-redigeeritud tekst, kirjakeel-mittekirjakeel jm).
Lõpuks proovime arutleda selle üle, kuidas tõlgendada piiripealseid juhtumeid, milles esineb et ja mis paiknevad lausete alguses ja mille poolest erineb eesti marker teiste keelte analoogilistest markeritest (I think jm).

3.03 Josefina Budzisch (Hamburg, Germany)

Selkup corpora in Hamburg: Researching definiteness in Selkup

Selkup, a Uralic language belonging to the Samoyedic branch of the language family, is spoken in Western Siberia by approximately 1,000 speakers.
In the past years, two corpora covering the three main dialectal groups of Selkup (Northern, Central and Southern Selkup) have been published in Hamburg: the Selkup Language Corpus (SLC) and the NEL Selkup Corpus 0.1. The SLC corpus is based on previously published texts which are now made digital available for further research; the basis for the INEL corpus are field research materials from Angelina Kuzmina which she collected mostly in the sixties and which are mainly published for the first time in the corpus.
With these materials, it became possible to research Selkup corpus based with more ease and get reliable results. Regarding the topic of definiteness, it can, for instance, be shown that the non possessive use of the possessive suffixes is to be found in Selkup for marking referents as identifiable but also other strategies are used to mark referents as definite, e.g demonstratives and quantifiers.

10.03 Tuuli Tuisk (Tartu)

Mida kätkeb endas Tartu Ülikooli eesti murrete ja sugulaskeelte arhiiv?

Tartu Ülikooli eesti murrete ja sugulaskeelte arhiivi loomisaeg ulatub Esimese maailmasõja järgsesse aega ja on tihedalt seotud tänavu oma 100. sünnipäeva tähistava Emakeele Seltsiga. Nimelt võttis Emakeele Selts 1920. aastatel endale peamiseks ülesandeks süstemaatilise murdekogumise ja -uurimise. Murdekogude säilitamisel saadi 1930. a abi Tartu Ülikoolilt ja ülikooli juurde loodi eesti ja sugukeelte arhiiv (aadressiga Lai tänav 34, korter 6). Ettekandes annan ülevaate sellest, kuhu on huvitava ja keerulise kujunemis- ning ajalooga arhiiv tänaseks päevaks jõudnud. Kõnelen järgmistest punktidest: (a) millised käsikirjalised materjalid, helifailid, fotod ja videod arhiivis leiduvad, (b) kus ja kuidas neid säilitatakse, (c) kuidas neid on võimalik oma uurimistöös kasutada, (d) kuidas arhiivi veebilehel orienteeruda ja sealt vajalikku materjali otsida.

17.03 Denys Teptiuk (Tartu) NB! Edasi lükatud eriolukorra tõttu.

Purpose-clause linkage via quotative markers in Finno- Ugric and beyond

Among languages of the world, quotative markers sometimes develop new functions and follow the grammaticalization path (verb ‘say’ >) quotative marker (> complementizer >) reason/purpose clause marker. The grammaticalization of quotatives into reason/purpose-clause linkers implies stages where both meanings can simultaneously arise within one construction, e.g.: my father always talked me out of it, saying/because I don’t have a gift for it anyway. The reported discourse describes the purpose/reason of an action or its lack and transfers the quoted speaker’s perspective.
In this talk, first I look at the cases of such ambiguity in the use of grammaticalized quotative particles in reported discourse constructions of six Finno-Ugric languages (Hungarian, Estonian, Finnish, Erzya, Udmurt, Komi). Second, I check for such use among quotative markers in English and Russian. I argue that to achieve a reason and purpose meaning quotative markers and RD need to follow particular syntactic conditions, e.g. possibility to use the quotative marker as a single quote-introducer, preference to indirect reported discourse, etc.

24.03 Ulla Meeri Petti (Cambridge, UK) NB! Edasi lükatud eriolukorra tõttu.

Automaatne Alzheimeri tõve tuvastamine keelest ja kõnest

Kirjeldus: Alzheimeri tõbi on kõige sagedasem dementsuse vorm, mis moodustab 60-70% kõigist dementsuse juhtudest. Dementsuse all kannatajaid on maailmas üle 50 miljoni ning vananeva rahvastiku tõttu ennustatakse, et aastaks 2050 see arv kolmekordistub. Hiljutised uuringud on näidanud, et muutused keeles ja kõnes võivad olla esimesed märgid, mis viitavad dementsusele ning väikesed muutused võivad esineda isegi kümmekond aastat enne diagnoosi. Muutusi keeles ja kõnes (näiteks akustikas, kõne ladususes, süntaksi keerukuses, informatsiooni tiheduses ja semantikas) on võimalik tuvastada automaatselt, kasutades loomuliku keele töötlust, signaalitöötlust ja masinõpet, ning viimastel aastatel on selles vallas saavutatud paljulubavaid tulemusi. Automaatse tuvastamise tehnoloogia väljatöötamine aitaks muuta Alzheimeri tõve tuvastamise odavamaks, kiiremaks ja kättesaadavamaks, kuna ohumärke saaks tuvastada nutiseadme abiga. Haiguse varajane avastamine võimaldaks raviga varem alustada ja tõsta vanemaealiste elukvaliteeti. Oma ettekandes teen ülevaate uuringutest, mis keskenduvad Alzheimeri tõve automaatsele tuvastusele keelest ja kõnest.

31.03 Robert Millar (Aberdeen, UK) NB! Edasi lükatud eriolukorra tõttu.

The origins and development of the ‘peripheral’ dialects of Scots: a contact-based analysis

When we discuss Scots as a system, it tends to be the usage of the Central dialects which is considered. This makes sense in many ways: most Scottish people live in the areas where these dialects are spoken. But the other dialects of Scots are altogether more interesting from the point of view of origin. To a considerable extent this is due to linguistic contact, whether that be with Gaelic (as with North East and Caithness Scots, as well as the now moribund dialects of the Black Isle), Norse (the dialects of Shetland and Orkney, as well as that of Caithness), Irish (with Ulster Scots and South Western Scots) and varieties of English (as with Ulster Scots and Southern Scots).
This paper will address this diversity in a manner informed by theories concerned both with contact in general and those associated with contact phenomena and language shift as well as the formation of new dialects.

7.04 Joshua Wilbur (Tartu) NB! Edasi lükatud eriolukorra tõttu.

Language technology for critically endangered languages: Opportunities for linguistics and society

Since the advent of the digital age, digital tools and computational approaches to linguistics have been and continue to be developed for linguistics research and in support of majority languages. While not the most common target of such language technology, endangered minority languages also stand to benefit from such advances. Technological advances in linguistics research thus have the potential to have real-world, practical effects in addition to theoretical outcomes, even in the context of critically endangered languages. In my talk, I will present a case study of how this can work, specifically for Pite Saami, a critically endangered Uralic language spoken by around 35 individuals from Swedish Lapland and (historically) adjacent areas of Norway. I will provide an overview of digital, lexical and grammatical tools developed for automatic corpus annotation for Pite Saami, and then I will discuss how these are being used to support revitalization efforts and promote an increase in language use, thereby hopefully increasing the chances of the Pite Saami language surviving beyond current generations.

14.04 Sali Tagliamonte (Toronto, Canada) NB! Edasi lükatud eriolukorra tõttu.

Wait, it’s a new discourse marker! English at the frontiers of change

This study examines investigates a new discourse-pragmatic use of the word wait in a 10-million-word multi-community corpus of spoken vernacular North American English. This function is an extension from an original lexical meaning of pausing or lingering which as extended to indicate a pause in discourse as the speaker reflects on or corrects an earlier topic. Over 300 examples permit comparative sociolinguistic methods and statistical modelling in order to offer an early assessment of the variation among alternates of this innovative use and to test for broad social and linguistic factors in order to understand the underlying processes. The results expose notable recent developments: older people use longer, more temporally specified variants, wait a minute/wait a second, while wait alone is increasing in apparent time with women leading its advance. The robust increase in use of wait alone, e.g. “I haven’t seen her yet. No wait. Yes, I have”, co-occurrence with other markers, e.g. no, and the function of reflection and/or self-correction can be pinpointed to the generation of speakers born after 1970. Further, the unique contribution of the sociolinguistically stratified corpora under investigation also demonstrates that this development is proceeding according to well-known principles of linguistic change as wait develops from a verb with temporal specification to a full-fledged discourse-pragmatic marker on the left periphery of the main clause.

28.04 Külli Prillop (Tartu) Vana kirjakeele sõnad ja sõnaraamat
NB! Edasi lükatud eriolukorra tõttu.

5.05 R. Harald Baayen (Tübingen, Germany) NB! Toimub veebi vahendusel.

A blueprint for discriminative learning of simple utterances

Naive Discriminative Learning (NDL, Baayen et al., 2011) and its twin Linear Discriminative Learning (LDL, Baayen et al., 2019) make use of the mathematics of multivariate multiple linear regression to model the production and comprehension of both morphologically simple and morphologically complex words. The networks that map
form onto meaning, and meaning onto form, constitute a simple memory that has turned out to be surprisingly
effective. However, there must be limits to what such a memory can store. Although simple two-constituent
compounds can potentially be handled, longer compounds such as Estonian "põllumajandusministeerium"
(ministry of agriculture) or Dutch "arbeidsongeschiktheidsverzekering" (insurance for being disabled and unfit for
work) are likely to overtax these simple network memories. I have therefore started working on a computational
model for the production of simple utterances that extends NDL and LDL with additional networks. A first
network takes a pre-linguistic communicative intention (that is hypothesized to be largely language-independent)
and maps this onto a (language-specific) set of bundles of core meanings (lexomes). A second network maps
these lexome bundles onto a time-ordered sequence of points in a high-dimensional lexical space. The points
in this space are then mapped by an LDL network onto sequences of phones. Within this set-up, compounds as
well as idioms can be straightforwardly accounted for. The model also predicts frequency effects for word
sequences. Possible implications of as well as challenges for this approach will be discussed.

12.05 Francis Nolan (Cambridge, UK) NB! Edasi lükatud eriolukorra tõttu.

Parseltongue: an application of linguistics

Parseltongue, in the Harry Potter books and films, is the fictional language which allows humans and snakes to speak to each other. No samples of the language are offered in the books, and so when the producer of the second Harry Potter film decided to include a scene with Parseltongue he needed the spoken language to be created. This talk will discuss the creation of fragments of Parseltongue, including what the rationale was for adopting particular phonetic and other features. In presenting Parseltongue I will mention for comparison two other ‘conlangs’ (constructed languages) and show how the creation of a made-up language draws on all levels of the analysis of human languages. In the case of Parseltongue some imaginative reasoning is also needed based on how snakes might shape the shared language. The process constitutes a somewhat unusual application of linguistic knowledge, one which touches on both the differences and the underlying commonalities found in human languages.

19.05 Suzanne Lesage (Paris Diderot, France) NB! Edasi lükatud eriolukorra tõttu.

(Pseudo-)reflexive possessive binding : crosslinguistic experiments

In English and many other languages, third person possessives may take a local or nonlocal antecedent (1).

(1) Peter_i lead John_j to his_i/j parents’ place.

Some languages have reflexive possessive forms (RPs), typically used to refer to the local subject; compare the distribution of oma vs. the ordinary possessive tema in Estonian (2). Note that possessors can also stay unexpressed.

(2)	Peeter_i	vii-s	Jaani_j	oma_i/jtema_i/j/ø_i/j	vanema-te	juurde.
	Peeter.NOM	lead-PST	Jaan.GEN	POSS	parent-PL.GEN	at
	Peeter_i led Jaan_j to his parents’ place.

Reflexive possessives are seldom discussed in the literature, and usually assumed to obey the same binding constraints as ordinary reflexive pronouns (Kiparsky 2002). Preliminary observations suggest however that binding constraints on reflexive possessives are looser, and non-categorical. We hence predict that speakers will entertain the possibility that oma be bound by a nonlocal subject (3).

(3)	Peeter_i	veen-is	Jaani_j	[oma_i/j	ema-st]	/ [enda-st]	rääki-ma.
	Peeter.NOM	convince-PST	Jaan.PART	POSS.REFL	mother-ELA	REFL-ELA	talk-INF
	Peeter_j convinced Jaan_i to talk about his_i/jmother/himself_i/*j

English and other languages also possess emphatic possessive forms such as French son propre (Charnavel 2012) or English his own. Such forms are comparable to RPs in being biased for reference to a local argument. However, restricting reference is not the main function of such pseudo-RPs. Hence we expect that binding constraints on pseudo-RPs are less tight than on RPs.

To test our hypotheses, we ran parallel crosslinguistic web-based experiments comparing two languages with pseudo-reflexives (English: his own, French: son propre) and one with reflexive possessives (Estonian: oma). A fourth experiment on Czech, another language with true RPs, is underway. In all our items, there are two possible antecedents for a possessive form: a local subject or some more distant expression.

We manipulated Type of clause embedding the possessive (independent and infinitive clause) and Type of possessive (with non-reflexive and pseudo-RPs in English and French, RP, simple possessive and covert possessive in Estonian). The items (20 for English and French and 24 for Estonian) and fillers (36) were translation equivalents (as far as possible) in all languages. 244 participants took part in this experiment (79 for English, 99 for French and 66 for Estonian). Sentences as in (4) were shown to native speakers who had to fill a gap as in (5).

(1) ENG : John allowed Donald to leave his (own) documents at the reception.

John made arrangements. Donald will leave his (own) documents at the reception.

FR: Jean a autorisé Paul à laisser ses (propres) papiers à l’accueil.

Jean s’est arrangé. Paul laissera ses documents à l’accueil.

EST: Peeter laseb Triinul ø/oma/tema dokumendid registratuuri jätta.

Peeter on kõik läbi mõelnud. Triinu jätab ø/oma/tema dokumendid registratuuri.

(2) _____________'s documents will be at the reception.

Les documents de __________ seront déposés à l’accueil.

_____________dokumendid jäetakse registratuuri.

In the infinitive condition, the possible antecedents were the matrix subject (John) and the local subject, i.e. the infinitive controller (Donald). In the independent condition, the possible antecedents were the local subject (Donald) and the subject of the first sentence (John).

Across languages, RPs (in Estonian) and pseudo-RPs (English and French) have a stronger bias for the local subject for independent sentences. As predicted, this preference is stronger for Estonian where the reflexive is grammaticalized, leading to a significant Type of clause * Type of reflexive form (pseudo-RP vs. RP) interaction.

Overall these crosslinguistic experiments give a gradient perspective on binding constraints with constraints for the RPs in Estonian less strong than what is assumed for reflexives but considerably stronger than what we found for pseudo-RPs in English and French.

Otsinguvorm

Loengusari TÜling